Flora
The Canary Islands are home to a huge number of autochthonous plants and a 100 of them can be exclusively found in Gran Canaria.
Due to the diverse climatic areas that can be found on the island, laurel forests are predominant in the north, pine woods in the mountainous area of the center, and in the south, we can find the characteristic flora of semi-arid regions.
Fauna
The fauna in Gran Canaria is mainly made up of reptiles and birds.
The most usual species are the Canarian lizard, the bluish mullet, the Boettger’s wall gecko or the Osorian shrew.
But most of the species of the island are birds. In Gran Canaria, there are 48 nesting species. During winter, the island is an important transit point for many migratory birds. Amongst the nesting species, we can find endemic species such as the robin, the Tenerife blue chaffinch, the woodpecker, and the Atlantic Canary.
The Atlantic Ocean that surrounds the islands is home to countless marine species which turn the rich underwater marine depths into a paradise for divers. Amongst many other marine species, in Gran Canaria waters you are likely to encounter pelagic fishes, sea turtles, rays, manta rays, potamotrygons, monkfishes, swordfishes and thunnus and a great number of mammals such as the dolphins, porpoises, pink river dolphins and whales.
Nature reserves
The Tamadaba Natural Park
You will marvel at The Tamadaba Natural Park’s ravines, mountain ranges and scarps, which make up a landscape of large contrasts, as well as the Cardonal-tabaibal and the existence of some of the best-preserved pine forests of Gran Canaria. These are home to a series of very rare, endemic, endangered species. The natural park covers the towns of Agaete, Artenara and San Nicolás.
El Risco, a Special Area for the Protection of Birds and the Guayedra valley are also worth visiting since they are considered of geological interest.
Pilancones Natural Park
The Pilancones Natural Park is located in the southern area of the island, in the municipality of San Bartolomé of Tirajana, between Fataga and the Rural Park of Nublo.
The landscape is made up of deep and steep ravines and canary pine trees on the peaks, which constitute a suitable habitat for different bird populations. For that reason, it was included in a network of special protection areas of the European Union in order to protect birds. In the lowest regions, you’ll find cardinal and tabaibal.
Integral Natural Reserve of Inagua
The Integral Natural Reserve of Inagua is situated between the Towns of Mogán, Tejeda and San Nicolás de Tolentino, and it is part of the Rural Park of Nublo. It is made up of the Ojeda hills, Pajonales and Inauga, which make up one of the best-preserved natural pine forests in Gran Canaria. Besides offering a spectacular landscape, it has a great scientific, geological and geomorphological value. Many endemic plants as the gildana or the helianthemum live in it.
As to the fauna, although there isn’t a wide range of species, there are many endemic endangered species, such as the Tenerife blue chaffinch, the Eurasian blue tits, or the woodpecker, which can be found in the pine trees of the nature reserve. For this reason, this reserve is also known as a special area for the protection of birds.
Integral Natural Reserve of Barranco de Oscuro (Dark Ravine)
Situated between the Towns of Moya and Valleseco, this Nature Reserve is made up of a small stretch of ravines of 35,2 hectares, which flows into the Virgin ravine. This reserve is located inside the Rural Park of Dormas.
The great natural value of this ravine is owed to the presence of an exceptional sample of laurisilva grancanaria with a capacity of regeneration in its interior, which makes it a really important enclave for the future recovery of these woods. Besides, it also boasts 40 species that are endemic to the Canary Islands, twelve of which are exclusive to Gran Canaria.
Special Nature Reserve of Los Tilos de Moya
Los Tilos de Moya, Special Nature Reserve of 91,5 hectares is a Tertiary forest of laurisilva and limes situated in the Rural Park of Doramas, in the ravine of Moya and it covers the Towns of Santa María de Guía and Moya.
This forest is made up of the remains of what is known as Doramas Jungle, which covered all the north of the island 500 years ago. In this natural space, there are 35 species of the most threatened flora of Gran Canaria.
There are two proper trails that will take you into a truly beautiful natural region.
Special Nature Reserve of Los Marteles
Los Marteles is a large reserve made up of more than 3,500 hectares which covers the municipalities: Agüimes, Ingenio, San Bartolomé de Tirajana, Santa Lucía, Tejeda, Telde, Valsequillo and Vega de San Mateo.
The prevailing vegetation is made up of beautiful hills, the volcanic craters, Canary pine trees, the outcrops, the olive trees, the willow plantations and the ravines, such as the Cernícalos (the Kestrels’ Ravine), and the scarps in the south, where there is a large concentration of endemic flora biodiversity.
Special Nature Reserve of Brezal
This nature reserve covers an expanse of 107 hectares and is located in the north of Gran Canaria, to the west of Moya cliff, in the municipality of Santa María de Guía. To the north it borders with the Rural Park of Doramas.
Here you can find the best sample of fayal-brezal (finetree and heath forest) of the island. You are likely to see endemic species such as the asparagus plant or the Canary bellflower.
Special Nature Reserve of Azuaje
The Special Nature Reserve of Azuaje in Doramas Country Park is located in the municipalities of Firgas and Moya and covers an expanse of 61,1 hectares. This area attracts many tourists since its flora features a wide range of threatened species and endemic plants. It is a bastion for endangered species with laurisilva and freshwater ecosystems.
Besides, in the steep ravine slopes, there are surprising vestiges of the Rupicola (Guianan cock-of-the-rock) habitat where a great number of fossil rests have been found.
The stunning ravine trail stands out because of its great beauty and landscape interest.
Special Nature Reserve of Güigüi
This nature reserve is located in the municipality of San Nicolás and it has a surface of 2929,9 hectares. Güigüi has a landscape of incomparable beauty where giant cactuses, tabaibas, the thermophilic forest, peculiar cliffs and ravines, endemic flora and threatened birds prevail. It also features interesting archaeological sites in the vicinity of Hogarzales mountain.
But what really stands out is the special charm of its beach, located between the cliffs, and only accessed by boat or walking through a trail.
Maspalomas Dunes Special Nature Reserve
Maspalomas Dunes Special Nature Reserve covers an expanse of 403,0 hectares and is located in the Municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana, south of Gran Canaria. This is a set of dunes which make up a unique landscape of great beauty and singularity. This spot is one of the landmarks of the Canary Islands.
Within the reserve limits, you can find the Dunas; la Charca, small coast lake of salty water, reminiscence of the “Maspalomas marshlands”, and Maspalomas Oasis, an idyllic and centenary palm grove. These three spaces make up Maspalomas Dunes Special Nature Reserve.
These spaces are of great natural value due to their fragile ecosystem, flora and fauna. It is worth noticing the abundant presence of the huge lizard of Gran Canaria or the presence of insects, some of them endemic and commonly found in the African fauna and only known in this place.
The humid area of the reserve, the Maspalomas Oasis, is home to a large population of migratory and nesting birds.
In Maspalomas you can also find one of the most emblematic symbols of Gran Canaria: the Maspalomas Lighthouse. This 60-metre-high architectonic gem was built according to Juan de León y Castillo’s blueprints. It first saw the daylight in the night of February 1st, 1980. This Lighthouse was declared of Cultural Interest in the category of Historic Monument in 2005. Nowadays, it is known as one the oldest lighthouses from the Canary Islands that still works.
Rural Park of Nublo
Situated in the geographical centre of the island, covering an expanse of 26307,4 hectares in the Rural Park of Nublo, this makes it the largest park of the Canary Island. It covers the municipalities of Artenara, Tejeda, San Nicolás, Mogán, San Bartolomé, San Mateo, Valleseco and Moya.
Within the Rural Park of Nublo, you can find the Nature Reserve of Inagua, the Roque Bentaiga, the Crater of Tejeda, and one of the island’s symbols, the majestic Roque Nublo.
There is a great number of pine forests, chestnut trees, poplars, artificial ponds, the steep ravines in the coast, and the scarped cliffs. But it is also home to endemic and endangered species, and some of them, for example a species of shrub, can only be found here. It is also worth mentioning that there are scrubs of broom, wallflowers, tajinaste (tower of jewels) and grasslands.
It is a stunning area of singular beauty because of the variety of landscapes.
Rural Park of Doramas
The Rural Park of Doramas has a surface of 3586 hectares and it covers the municipalities of Santa María de Guía, Moya, Firgas, Valleseco, Arucas and Teror.
Inside this park there are two Special Nature Reserves, Los Tilos de Moya and Azuaje as well as the Integral Nature Reserve, the Dark Cliff. Three spaces of great scientific interest to be home to relicts of laurel forests that hundreds of years ago covered all the north area of the island.